TP BAADJIE, RM KHOSA
Abstract
This study examined the repositioning of graduate entrepreneurship within South African higher education by focusing on developing an entrepreneurial mindset, particularly in non-commerce faculties. The research identifies systematic obstacles and the need for institutional transformation to effectively deliver entrepreneurship education in this context. Using a qualitative multiple case study approach, data were collected using semi-structured interviews with students and academic staff at seven public universities, as well as one national policy official. Although the majority of participants expressed interest in entrepreneurship, their motivations were frequently driven by personal passion or necessity. Entrepreneurship was rarely regarded as a principal career option. Many students were unaware of the resources and initiatives offered by their universities. Support structures were inconsistently distributed across different faculties. In universities where entrepreneurship education was available, it tended to be theoretical with limited practical application. Although some programs included practical engagement and mentorship, participation often required self-initiation and was not consistently integrated into the curriculum. A significant finding is the limited development of metacognitive skills such as critical reflection for navigating uncertainty and pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities. Additionally, institutional fragmentation and poor alignment with national policy objectives diminished the effectiveness of entrepreneurship initiatives, especially in non-commerce disciplines. In response to these challenges, the study introduces the Multi-Level Entrepreneurial Mindset Development (MLEMD) model, which integrates individual, institutional, and systemic factors. This model provides a diagnostic framework for universities and policymakers aiming to embed entrepreneurship as a cross-disciplinary and socially inclusive graduate competency. In the main, the research offers valuable insights for curriculum reform, institutional strategy, and policy alignment in integrating entrepreneurship education across various academic disciplines in universities.